Modify the state of an object?

(Google translator)

Hello, I need to know if you can do the following example (3a, 3b):

1_    I have a sword (both my mod and vanilla) and a sharpening stone.
2_    I use the sword for a while and it takes some damage.
3a_    I combine with a craft the damaged sword and the sharpening stone. The resulting sword would be a new sword of the mod, called sharp sword, but it has to be created with the damage that had the sword with which I fabricated it.
3b_    I combine the objects with the sword and the sharpening stone in my hands with a right click, then the sword takes some kind of variable to use as a condition when hitting a mob and giving extra damage.

Taking the example as a context I can also ask directly, how can I create a variable to the item to call and modify my wish from any event?

Thanks in advance.