Not a great way to do this for blocks; you could just set the block to glow, but then make the 'non glowing' parts of the block really really dark, but that doesn't really solve the problem. In short, there is not a built in system for blocks with glowing overlays.
If you really want a block that only has some glowing portions, you could try making a custom entity that's shaped similarly to the block, with a glowing texture, that's overlaid at your block's exact position. This would probably work fine, but would also almost certainly cause some other issues.
Not a great way to do this for blocks; you could just set the block to glow, but then make the 'non glowing' parts of the block really really dark, but that doesn't really solve the problem. In short, there is not a built in system for blocks with glowing overlays.
If you really want a block that only has some glowing portions, you could try making a custom entity that's shaped similarly to the block, with a glowing texture, that's overlaid at your block's exact position. This would probably work fine, but would also almost certainly cause some other issues.