how do you make a mob that does not use items but attacks with ranged attacks like a vindicator

(first of all you mean evoker?) and also. You can do that with procedures, perhaps make it so every (number) of ticks it will teleport the player X blocks high in the sky, if you want it to do extra damage then override the fall distance (and look some stuff up on the internet to find out the variables for distance)

Try giving it a unique, invisible, ranged weapon that would do what you want when used