How to make throwable Item?

How do I make a throwable item like a Trident, and can be used as melee, melee or throwing causes it to damage.

I made some of it, created a ranged item that when it hits a blocks it creates a gem of the item.

3 things I couldn't do which are:

1. Melee damage that reduces durability.

2. The item does not stick on the ground like a trident, right now it spawns a gem of the same item.

3. Durability does not save when the throwable item is thrown because it spawns a gem.

How do I apply all 3 features on my throwable item?